Scott Richard Winter

Title
Associate Professor, Associate Dean, and Program Coordinator for M.S. in Unmanned Systems
Email
Department
School of Graduate Studies (SGS)
College
College of Aviation

Areas of Expertise

Consumer Perceptions, Aviation Safety, Human Factors, Research Methods, Statistics
Scott Richard Winter

Dr. Scott R. Winter is an Associate Professor of Graduate Studies in the School of Graduate Studies and the Associate Dean for Research, College of Aviation at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach. His primary responsibilities involve coordinating research initiatives for the college, establishing public and private research relationships, and teaching graduate-level courses in research methods, quantitative data analysis, and qualitative data analysis.

As the Associate Dean for Research in the College of Aviation, Dr. Winter supports the faculty in research initiatives, seeks research opportunities, develops relationships with funding agencies and industry, creates collaborations, and chairs the research council.

Dr. Winter maintains an active research agenda, which focuses on pilot decision-making and consumer perceptions toward automation. He has authored/co-authored over 100 peer-refereed journal articles, over 90 conference proceedings, and conducted more than $7M in external funding. He is currently working with 6 Ph.D. students as their dissertation chair, and he serves as a committee member on six other dissertation committees.

Dr. Winter completed his Ph.D. in the Aviation Technology Department at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana (2013) and his undergraduate and master’s degree at Minnesota State University, Mankato. His Bachelor’s degree was in professional flight with a minor in geography (2005), and his Master’s degree was in Cross-Disciplinary Studies (2006) with emphasis areas on aviation and education.

For his time in industry, Dr. Winter was employed with Cirrus Aircraft in Duluth, Minnesota from October 2006 until December 2009. While employed with Cirrus, he worked as a member of the Flight Standards and Operations Department. In that role, he served as a company check airman and provided initial and recurrent training to company pilots. Dr. Winter also wrote a monthly website called Pilot’s World that addressed safety and pilot training issues. His time at Cirrus offered him the opportunity to gain experience working for one of the world’s leading general aviation manufacturers and to fly one of the most advanced single-engine piston aircraft. He completed international training at Cirrus where he flew training missions in South Africa, Australia, Brazil, the Caribbean, England, France, Germany, and Poland.

  • Ph.D. - Doctor of Philosophy in Technology, Purdue University-Main Campus
  • M.S. - Master of Science in Cross-Disciplinary Studies, Minnesota State University-Mankato
  • B.S. - Bachelor of Science in Aviation: Professional Flight and Geography, Minnesota State University-Mankato
  • Flight Instructor - Federal Aviation Administration
  • Airline Transport Pilot - Federal Aviation Administration
  • Ground Instructor - Federal Aviation Administration

DAV 721 - Quantitative Research Methods in Aviation

MSA 662 - Statistical Analysis for Aviation and Aerospace

DAV 725 - Research Methods

DAV 733 - Globalization and the Aviation Environment

Recent Peer-Refereed Journal Publications (last 50) (* denotes student author):

  1. Wallace, R. J., Winter, S. R., Rice, S., Loffi, J. M., Misra, S., Lee, S., Park, J., Neff, A., & McNall, C. (Accepted). An examination of sUAS operations in proximity to a major U.S. airport. Technology in Society.
  2. Rice, S., Crouse, S. R., Winter, S. R., & Rice, C. (Accepted). The advantages and limitations of using ChatGPT to enhance technological research. Technology in Society.
  3. Brents, R., Winter, S. R., Gawron, V., & Keebler, J. R. (Accepted). Intention to complain about unmanned aircraft systems noise: A structural equation analysis. Technology in Society.
  4. Vempati, L., Myers, P., & Winter, S. R. (2023). The technology readiness and acceptance model as a predictor of pilots’ willingness to operate in UAM integrated airspace. The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 33(4), 288-306. Doi: 10.1080/24721840.2023.2242397
  5. Vempati, L., Gawron, V., & Winter, S. R. (2023). Advanced air mobility: A systematic review of human factors scientific publications and policy. Journal of Air Transportation. doi: 10.2514/1.D0366
  6. Wallace, R. J., Winter, S. R., Rice, S., Kovar, D., & *Lee, S. (2023). Three case studies on small uncrewed aerial systems near midair collisions with aircraft: An evidence-based approach for using objective uncrewed aerial systems detection technology. SAE International Journal of Aerospace 16(3), 1-16. doi:10.4271/01-16-03-0023
  7. Rice, S., Ruskin, K. J., Winter, S. R., Crouse, S. R., Rice, C., & Richards, G. (2023). Will the vaccine bring them back? An empirical analysis of American passenger’s willingness to fly in commercial airplanes after vaccination against COVID-19. Technology in Society, 73. doi: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102241
  8. Rice, S., *Lange, R., Crouse, S. R., Winter, S. R., & Wallace, R. J. (2023). Utilizing the Alarm Taxonomy and Classification System (ATACS) to Redesign Landing Gear Warnings. International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.58940/2374-6793.1794
  9. Musselman, B. T. & Winter, S. R. (2023). Validation of an operationalized model of Iso-Ahola’s theory of tourism motivation: A case in point-to-point suborbital space travel. Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education and Research, 32(1), 1-28.
  10. Rice, S., Winter, S. R., Crouse, S., & Ruskin, K. J. (2022). Vertiport and air taxi features valued by consumers in the United States and India. Case Studies in Transport Policy, 10, 500-506.
  11. Vempati, L., Woods, S., & Winter, S. R. (2021). Pilots’ willingness to operate in urban air mobility integrated airspace: A moderated mediation analysis. Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems, 10(1), 59-76.
  12. Baghdasarin, D., Hashemi, S., Winter, S. R., & Rice, S. (2021). Prediction models for willingness to support private and government space: A regression Study. International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace, 8(4), 1-17.
  13. Ruskin, K. J., Corvin, C., Rice, S., *Richards, G., Winter, S. R., & Ruskin, A. C. (2021). Alarms, alerts, and warnings in air traffic control: An analysis of reports from the aviation safety reporting system. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 12, 100502.
  14. *Kasim, K. O., Winter, S. R., Liu, D., Keebler, J. R., & Spence, T. B. (2021). Passengers’ perceptions on the use of biometrics at airports: A statistical model of the extended theory of planned behavior. Technology in Society, 67, 101806.
  15. Winter, S. R., Keebler, J. R., *Lamb, T. L., *Simonson, R., Thomas, R. L., & Rice, S. (2021). The influence of personality, safety attitudes, and risk perception of pilots: A modeling and mediation perspective. The International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace, 8(2), 1-30.
  16. *Lamb, T., L., Ruskin, K. J., Rice, S., *Khorassani, L., Winter, S. R., & Truong, D. (2021). A qualitative analysis of social and emotional perspectives of airline passengers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Air Transport Management, 94, 102079.
  17. Winter, S. R., *Crouse, S. R., & Rice, S. (2021). The development of ‘green’ airports: Which factors influence willingness to pay for sustainability and intention to act? A structural and mediation model analysis. Technology in Society, 65, 101576.
  18. *Milner, M. N., Rice, S., Winter, S. R., & *Crouse, S. R. (2021). What type of person would prefer driverless cars over commercial flight? Collegiate Aviation Review International, 39(1), 64-89.
  19. *Vempati, L., Winter, S. R., Rice, S., Gawron, V., & Robbins, J. M. (2021). Pilots’ willingness to operate in unmanned aircraft system integrated airspace. The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 31(4), 343-359. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/24721840.2021.1896365
  20. Mehta, R., Winter, S. R., Rice, S., & *Edwards, M. (2021). Are passengers willing to ride on autonomous cruise-ships? Maritime Transport Research, 2, 100014.
  21. Winter, S. R., *Lamb, T. L., Wallace, R., J., & Anderson, C. L. (2021). Flight shaming consumers into aviation sustainability: Which factors moderate? The International Journal of Sustainable Aviation, 7(1), 21-45.
  22. *Milner, M. N, Mehta, R., Winter, S. R., Rice, S., *Anania, E. C., *Ragbir, N., & *Smith, C. (2021). Factors predicting patients’ willingness to use robotic dental services. International Journal of Social Robotics, 1-19. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00737-7
  23. *Ragbir, N. K., Rice, S., Winter, S. R., *Baugh, B. S., *Milner, M. N., *Gupta, M. B., *Valecha, D. O., *Candelaria-Oquendo, K., *Capps, J., & Neal, J. G. (2021). An examination of consumer bias against female and minority commercial pilots. Technology in Society, 64, 101492.
  24. *Ragbir, N. K., Rice, S., Winter, S. R., & Choy, E. C. (2021). Emotions and caring mediate the relationship between knowledge of sustainability and willingness to pay for greener aviation. Technology in Society, 64, 101491.
  25. Winter, S. R., Pan, J. Y., Truong, D., & *Lamb, T. L. (2021). Willingness to watch the pre-flight safety briefing: A structural model. The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, DOI: 10.1080/24721840.2021.1883432.
  26. Rice, S., Winter, S. R., Mehta, R., Tamilselvan, G., *Anania, E. C., & *Milner, M. N. (2021). Identifying the factors that predict a consumer’s willingness to ride in various types of driverless vehicles. Technology in Society, 64, 101476.
  27. *Ward, K. A., Winter, S. R., Cross, D. S., Robbins, J. M., Mehta, R., Doherty, S., & Rice, S. (2021). Safety systems, culture, and willingness to fly in autonomous air taxis: A multi-study and mediation analysis. The Journal of Air Transport Management, 91, 101975.
  28. *Milner, M. N., Winter, S. R., Mehta, R., Rice, S., *Pierce, M., Anania, E., Candelaria-Oquendo, K., Garcia, D., & Walters, N. (2021). Patient perceptions of interactive mobile health care apps: A predictive model. International Journal of Healthcare Technology and Management, 18(3/4), 129-152.
  29. Mehta, R., Rice, S., *Li, T., *Cooke, S., *Lange, R., *Black, M., *Smith, C., Milner, M., Winter, S. R., *Ragbir, N., & *Vaughn, A. (2020). What type of collegiate pilot is likely to experience imposter phenomenon? Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education and Research, 29(3), 37-67.
  30. *Woods, S., Winter, S. R., Rice, S., Hampton, S., & Craig, P. (2020). The impact of motivation on VFR into IMC: Another perspective to an on-going problem. Collegiate Aviation Review International, 38(2), 51-66.
  31. Winter, S. R. & Cross, D. S. (2020). The most challenging part? Selecting a dissertation topic for aviation research. International Journal of Aviation Research, 12(1), 63-77.
  32. Winter, S. R., Rice, S., & *Lamb, T. L. (2020). A prediction model of consumer’s willingness to fly in autonomous air taxis. Journal of Air Transport Management, 89, 101926.
  33. *Lamb, T. L., Winter, S. R., Rice, S., Ruskin, K. J., & *Vaughn, A. (2020). Factors that predict passengers willingness to fly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Air Transport Management, 89, Article 101897.
  34. Winter, S. R., Rice, S., Spence, T., O’Toole, N. M., Tamilselvan, G., *Baugh, B. S., Takano, U., Gupta, M., Valecha, D., Milner, M. N., & Cortés, A. I. (2020). A quantitative investigation on criminalization of airline pilots: Consumer and pilot perspectives. Safety Science, 130, 1-10.
  35. Winter, S. R., *Lamb, T. L., & *Baugh, B. S. (2020). Passenger perceptions on sustainable propulsion systems: Which factors mediate or moderate the relationship? The International Journal of Sustainable Aviation, 6(3), 195-219.
  36. Ruskin, K. J., Corvin, C., Rice, S., & Winter, S. R. (Accepted). Autopilots in the operating room: Safe use of automated medical technology. Anesthesiology.
  37. *Anania, E. C., Rice, S., Winter, S. R. (2020). Building a predictive model of U.S. patient willingness to undergo robotic surgery. Journal of Robotic Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-020-01092-5
  38. Rice, S. & Winter, S. R. (2020). A practical guide for using electronic surveys in aviation research: Best practices explained. The International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace, 7(2), 1-12.
  39. *Ragbir, N. K., Rice, S., Winter, S. R., Choy, E. C., & *Milner, M. N. (2020). How weather, distance, flight time, and geography affect consumer willingness to fly in autonomous air taxis. Collegiate Aviation Review International, 38(1), 69-87.
  40. Rice, S., Winter, S. R., *Capps, J., *Trombley, J., Robbins, J. *Milner, M. N., & Lamb, T. L. (2020). Creation of two valid scales: Willingness to fly in an aircraft and willingness to pilot an aircraft. The International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace, 7(1), 1-21.
  41. Winter, S. R., Rice, S., *Capps, J., *Trombley, J., *Milner, M. N., *Anania, E. C., *Walters, N. W., & *Baugh, B. S. (2020). An analysis of a pilot’s adherence to their personal weather minimums. Safety Science, 123, 1-7.
  42. Mehta, R., Rice, S., Winter, S. R., Anania, E. C., *Baugh, B. S., & *Milner, M. N. (2020). Determining the predictors for ease of sleep while on aircraft: Regression and qualitative analyses. Journal of Air Transport Management, 83, 1-8.
  43. Mehta, R., Rice, S., Deaton, J., & Winter, S. R. (2019). Creating a prediction model of passenger preference between legacy and low-cost airlines. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 3, 1-10.
  44. *Milner, M. N., Anania, E. C., Candelaria-Oquendo, K., Rice, S., Winter, S. R., & *Ragbir, N. (2019). Patient perceptions of new robotic technologies in clinical restorative dentistry. Journal of Medical Systems, 44(2), 1-10.
  45. *Baugh, B. S. & Winter, S. R. (2019). A trust in air traffic controllers (T-ATC) scale. The International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace, 6(5), 1-12.
  46. Mehta, R., Rice, S., Winter, S. R., Spence, T. B., *Edwards, M., & *Candelaria-Oquendo, K. (2019). Generalizability of effect sizes within aviation research: More samples are needed. The International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace, 6(5), 1-18.
  47. Winter, S. R., Thropp, J. E., & Rice, S. (2019). What factors predict a consumer’s support of environmental sustainability in aviation? A multi-model analysis. The International Journal of Sustainable Aviation, 5(3), 190-204.
  48. Rice, S., Winter, S. R., & O’Toole, N. M. (2019). There is a bias in aviation against research that is perceived to be “easy.” The International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace, 6(4), 1-14.
  49. Winter, S. R., Truong, D, & Keebler, J. R. (2019). The flight risk perception scale (FRPS): A modified risk perception scale for measuring risk of pilots in aviation. The International Journal of Aviation Research, 11(1), 57-72.
  50. Winter, S. R. (2019). Government seat pitch regulation of commercial airlines: A multi-study of consumer perceptions. Collegiate Aviation Review International, 37(2), 1-15.
Dr. Winter worked for Cirrus Aircraft in the Flight Standards and Operations Department, where he managed the company check flight program. He was responsible for the oversight of over 100 company pilots and provided international flight standards support and aircraft training in locations such as France, Germany, UK, Australia, Brazil, and South Africa. Dr. Winter also served as a technical writer where he helped develop training manuals and materials for customer and employee pilots. He also worked with customers of new Cirrus Aircraft to provide training and aircraft ferrying services.
  • Airline Transport Pilot
  • Certified Flight Instructor
  • Certified Flight Instructor Instrument
  • Multi-Engine Flight Instructor